Using Gel Electrophoresis And Dna Fingerprinting To Analyze

Using Gel Electrophoresis and DNA Fingerprinting to analyze DNA samples Laquandria M. Gibson April 14, 2017 BSC2010L Section #22 Sarah Ellmallah Introduction All cells contain a complex structure known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is a chemical that determines how we are. The multiple combinations of its components are what makes a difference in each person. Long molecules of DNA are organized into chromosomes, which are grouped into 23 pairs. Then the chromosomes are broken down into short segments of DNA known as genes. A gene is a basic physical and functional hereditary unit. Every gene contains a sequence of DNA that occupies a locus on a chromosome (Upadhyaya, 2017). Genes act as instructions to make proteins, varying†¦show more content†¦And gel electrophoresis includes the movement of charged molecules in a buffer solution (Cassill, 2015). The gel is composed of a buffer solution containing agarose, a polymer that easily forms a gel-like material at room temperature (Cassill, 2015). Even though DNA fingerprinting does not compare all of DNA’s structure, it does compare the different cuts made by restriction enzymes, molecules that attach to DNA at the recognition sites and results in cutting the DNA strands (Upadhyaya, 2017). Common restriction enzymes used in DNA fingerprinting are HIND III and ECOR I and because, as mentioned, all alleles are different in their base sequences, recognition sites for restriction enzyme tend to vary based on the individual (Upadhyaya, 2017). Materials Restriction Enzyme Digestion In order for DNA samples from suspect one and suspect two to be digested by two different restriction enzymes, four reaction tubes were required, labeled 1-4. In each reaction tube, with a micropipette, ten  µL of reaction buffer was used. All the samples were prepared based on the given chart (shown below as Table 1) (Upadhyaya, 2017, p. 58). As far as all four having the same enzymes that was the end, so to not cross-contaminate, the micropipettes tips had to be changed each time (Upadhyaya, 2017). The reaction tubes one and three contained 15 µL of enzyme 1 and enzyme 2 was added to reaction tubes two and four. Then, reaction tubes one and two were filled with 15 µL ofShow MoreRelatedInvestigating The Investigation Of The Police Officers1587 Words   |  7 Pagesthis case. For the investigation to be successful DNA profiles must be created. Creating a DNA profile can be complicated, and a few simple mistakes can ruin the whole profile. The whole process of creating a DNA pr ofile begins with obtaining the DNA samples. Once the samples are within possession they must go through the process of electrophoresis. This process will allow the DNA to form bands that reflect certain characteristics. Electrophoresis is a very important process. This process uses anRead MoreSolving Cases with Forensic DNA Analysis975 Words   |  4 PagesForensic DNA analysis is still a relatively new method that has been used to solve cases such as crimes and paternity tests. This method of forensic evaluation is examined by using genetic material, DNA, an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. Although each individual’s DNA differs from someone else’s, with the exception of identical twins, around 99.9% of DNA is the same in each person (The FBI DNA Laboratory). Therefore, in order to identify the genetic profile of the individual being analyzedRead MoreForensic Examination Of Forensic Science1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topic in the world of forensic science. The new â€Å"Gold† standard in evidence is DNA analysis, because of its reliability. Finger printing as well as ballistics are often used but are said to be imperfect compared to DNA analysis. 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We are also discovering how microbes contribute to our ocean animal populations and how they influence ocean health (Woods HoleRead MoreThe Role of Dna Technology in Crime Investigation5441 Words   |  22 PagesDNA profiling DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals on the basis of their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a persons DNA makeup, which can also be used as the persons identifier. DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing. It is used in, for example, parental testing and rape investigationRead More The Implications of DNA Profiling Essay3166 Words   |  13 PagesThe Implications of DNA Profiling Former attorney General Janet Reno described our system of justice as a search for the truth.(1) Increasingly, the forensic use of DNA technology is an important ally in that search. 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Sir Edward Henry, the London police commissioner laterRead MoreDNA and DNA Profiling Made Simple Essay3445 Words   |  14 PagesAmplification If the quantity of the DNA isolated is not enough, the specialist increases it to optimal levels via an amplification technique that uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. In addition, PCR targets specific locations on the DNA strand known as the loci (singular: locus) to produce similar copies. 1.2. Electrophoresis In this process, the specialist separates the materials based on their size and composition of the DNA strands on a particular gel in the presence of electricityRead MoreBiometric Security System : Amity School Of Engineering3521 Words   |  15 PagesDEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY †¢ BENEFITS ïÆ' ¼ INTRODUCTION †¢ DETAILED OVERVIEW ïÆ' ¼ HISTORY ïÆ' ¼ TYPES OF METHODS USED FOR SECURITY †¢ TRADITIONAL METHODS ï  ¶ PINCODE SECURITY ï  ¶ PASSWORD SECURITY †¢ MODERN METHODS ï  ¶ PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS †¢ RETINAL SCAN †¢ FINGERPRINTING †¢ DNA †¢ IRIS ï  ¶ BEHAVIORAL METHODS †¢ VOICE/PITCH †¢ SIGNATURE ïÆ' ¼ ADVANTAGES ïÆ' ¼ APPLICATIONS ïÆ' ¼ CONCLUSION ïÆ' ¼ REFERENCES ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: OUR MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO STUDY THE MEANING AND TYPES OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS THAT ARE USED TO VERIFY THE AUTHENTICATIONRead MoreEnhancing the Power of DNA as an Investigative Tool Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesDNA is a double helix molecule that contains information that is used to make up a person’s body. DNA controls every aspect of a person’s body from their eye and hair color, height, and other features. DNA’s specific and unique characteristic can be crucial when solving a crime. DNA can be used to convict a suspect or exonerate an innocent person. When DNA is found it is even more important that is handle properly to ensure proper identification and accuracy of testing. The evolution of DNA technology

The Italian Renaissance - 1558 Words

Julianna Plunkett Ms. McGuire British Literature 11 06/10/15 The Italian Renaissance began in the mid-fourteenth century, and was marked by a turn from medieval life and values dominated by the Church toward the philosophical principles of humanism. The Italian people, especially the educated middle class, became interested in individual achievements and emphasized life in this world, as opposed to preparation for life in the next world, which was stressed by religion in the Church. They believed strongly in the potential for individual accomplishment in the arts, literature, politics, and personal life. Individuals began to be encouraged to excel in a wide range of fields and showcase their talents. The pieces of art that represent this period of time are, The Mona Lisa, The Northern Doors by Lorenzo Ghiberti, and lastly, David by Donatello. â€Å"The beginning of the Renaissance in the mid-fourteenth century was marked by a turn from medieval life and values dominated by the Church toward the philosophical principles of humanism.† ( Sparknotes, n.pag.) .† The Italian people, especially the educated middle class, became interested in individual achievement and emphasized life in this world, as opposed to preparation for life in the next world, which was stressed by religion. On May 6, 1527: The Sack of Rome after Pope Clement VII refuses to grant the imperial army a ransom, it attacks the city of Rome, taking the city in just over twelveShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen, or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear perspective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The start of the Italian Renaissance w as theRead MoreThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance period is known for the revival of the classical art and intellect born in ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance is also a time that is marked by growth, exploration, and rebirth. The Italian Renaissance started in Florence and progressively made its way into Venice and then into the great city of Rome. During the Renaissance, Rome was home to some of the renowned works of art and the finest architectural masterpieces in the world - too many that still holds true today. 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Beginning in Italy, the Renaissance was an era that rediscovered the culture of ancient Greece and Rome in the fourteenth century and witnessed a continuation of the economic, political, and social trends. Jacob Burck-hardt, a swiss historian and art critic, created the Renaissance in his celebrated book The Civilization of the Renaissance in ItalyRead More the arts in Italian Renaissance Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The arts were flourishing, while the city-states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use when they wanted power. 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These same-sex acts were not just wrong doings, but a fundamental part of Florentine masculine identity. More specifically I will focus on sodomy, the act of anal or oral sex, which can be heterosexual or homosexual. What I will be analyzing in this paper is the termRead MoreIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Essay2465 Words   |  10 PagesIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Prostitution is normally thought of as anyone who sells his or her body for money. In this century, no distinction is put on the class level of the prostitute or on how much or how little he or she earns, they are still considered just a common prostitute. This was not true of 16th century Italy, though. In this age, prostitution was a legal business and class lines were of great importance. At the top of this list were the honestRead MoreThe Annunciation Explored through the Era of Italian Renaissance2314 Words   |  10 PagesChristian iconography. This essay will explore the depiction of the Annunciation and symbolism in the period of the Italian Renaissance and pay particular attention towards the development of the focus on spiritualism towards naturalism through the refined language of expression and gesture from the 14th century to the late 15th century. As a student of Duccio di Buoninsegna who was an Italian artist and actively worked in the city of Siena, Tuscany, Simone Martinis most famous painting The Annunciation

Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia. Answer: Introduction In Australia agriculture is regarded as one of the important sectors of the economy. Australian farmers contribute 60 percent total farm production in world. Based on inputs from the agricultural sector different industries have grown up. This indicates significant forward linkage of the industry. Agriculture contributes to 2.3 percent of nations GDP through direct production and export values ((Langridge, Cordell and D'Occhio 2014).. Apart from meeting domestic demand for food the sector supports export market and earns nearly AUD$41 billion every year. Therefore, the nation always focuses on the growth of agricultural sector. Recently, policy initiated to promote and boos export of agro products. Summary of the article story The top three export markets of Australia are China, United States and Japan. The products that China imports from Australia include wheat, butter and wool. China has eliminated the tariff barriers to freely import and sell Australian beef and dairy products in Chinas market. The Free Trade Agreement between Australia and United States strengthen the trade relation between the two nations (Fleming and Coulter 2017). US import a significant portion of dairy products, avocados, cotton and beef. Japan manly imports oilseeds and grains from Australia. In the Australian export market these three nations account 21%, 11.3% and 9.4% respectively. In view of slightly declining trend of Australian agricultural export Prime Minister Turnbull announces that the government will develop a Unified national brand in order to help Australia to main its competitive position in globally extended trade markets of China, US and Japan. The government committed to develop a much stronger national brand under its foreign trade policy (theaustralian.com.au 2017). There are growing demands for goods made in Australia. To retain its position an improved branding is required as suggested by Trade, Tourism and Investment minister. Australia is positioned within the top 10 exporters of agricultural product in the world. The food and fresh products produced in Australia are considered as clean and green in the international market (theconversation.com 2017). This raises demand for Australian agriculture. The fisheries and agriculture export and Australia generate $47 billion worth of revenues. Objective of the policymakers is to make it easier for buyer all over the world to purchase agro products of Australia and other related products. The nation therefore gives weight for marketing of Australian agricultural exports. Therefore, the government think of using a strong and easily identifiable symbol so that it becomes easier to indentify Aussie product. When export expands then this will create demand for local labour and creates employment opportunities. Economic evaluation of the story Demand and Supply are two important determinant of price in the market. Demand represents buyers willingness and purchasing decision. The supply condition shows decision on the part of sellers. These two forces work together to determine price and stabilize it. When any two factors fail to match with other then its direct influence is on the price of the commodity (Thomas, Lubinda and Angula 2015). With increase in world population, the global demand for food is also rising. There are many countries that are unable to meet the need of national food demand. These countries therefore depend on import from other countries. Australia is a major food producer in world and already exported its agro products to various nations (worldatlas.com 2017). Apart from its existing export demand additional demand coming from emerging economies as well. Increases in demand with given supply generates an upward pressure on price. In the market described above dd and ss stands for demand and supply curve respectively. An increase in demand due to factor other than price leads to a rightward shifts of the existing demand curve (Mahanty 2014). The new demand curve is d1d1. The new equilibrium price in the market is P1 and in response to high price, a larger quantity is now supplied in the market. The high price makes export more lucrative for Australian farmers. Policy of branding Australian export provides support to expand export in the sector and gives farmers opportunity for a high income. There is another side of the story. The increased export of agricultural products may create a shortage of supply in the domestic market. The agricultural production becomes limited because of restricted supply of land. If the farmers fail to increase the production in line with the demand then this situation further raises price in the domestic market (Karia 2015). The possible situation is described below Figure 2: Supply shortage and high price in domestic market (Source: as created by Author) Figure 2 shows how a reduction in supply causes a price increase in demand. The supply shortage in market shifts the initial supply curve to the left from ss to s1s1. The resulted price increase is shown by an increase in price from P to P1 Recommendation The article describes the recent policy of export promotion taken by Australian government. The demand for Australian agricultural export is growing day by day. This raises price of exported products. In order to match world demand Australia should take steps to raise productivity. Since, the supply of land is limited increasing productivity is the only way of meeting rising demand. Employment of advanced technology is one way of increasing productivity. Apart from export promotion government should also focuses on domestic market as well. The high price of food in domestic market makes it difficult for people to afford it. In times when supply shortage created a price hike then government should either subsidized farmers to provide food at a reasonable price or should set a ceiling price. Conclusion The paper makes aneconomic evaluation of Australian agricultural sector. In Australia, agriculture is one of the crucial sectors of the economy. The sector has made significant contribution in gross domestic product, employment and trade. With an attempt to maintain Australian competitiveness in the export market the government recently initiates strategy of introducing a string brand symbol for every export product. As agriculture is one of the important contributors of export market the policy has obvious implication on agriculture. There are chances of an increasing price in the domestic market. The government should focuses on productivity growth of agriculture and pricing strategy to maintain stability in agriculture. References Chambers, G. and Chambers, G. (2017).Big push for new national brand. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/minister-flags-plan-to-sell-brand-australia/news-story/3f0c8c3cb487857eb6fc0d79d6c5029bhttps://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/minister-flags-plan-to-sell-brand-australia/news-story/3f0c8c3cb487857eb6fc0d79d6c5029b [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Chepkemoi, J. (2017).Top Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia. [online] WorldAtlas. Available at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-agricultural-export-markets-of-australia.html [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Fleming, E. and Coulter, H., 2017.Agricultural Export Marketing in the South Pacific: the future role of marketing authorities. Canberra, ACT: National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.. Karia, A.A., 2015. Intermediate microeconomics. Langridge, P., Cordell, D.J. and D'Occhio, M., 2014. Agriculture in Australia: growing more than our farming future. Mahanty, A.K., 2014.Intermediatemicroeconomics with applications. Academic Press. The Conversation. (2017).Australia's 'five strong pillar economy': agriculture. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/australias-five-strong-pillar-economy-agriculture-40388 [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Thomas, B., Lubinda, M. and Angula, M., 2015. Principles of microeconomics.

Tell Tale Heart free essay sample

Looks Can Be Deceiving In the Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator is referred to as mad or insane, but he says that the disease has only sharpened his senses. The narrator insists on his sanity after murdering an old man with a virtue eye. The old man appears to be more of a mystery, the neighbor notifies the three policemen of the suspected murder. The three policemen do not have any special role besides of doing their job of being the policemen that they are. A guilty conscience can alter one’s perception in many different ways. In the beginning of the short story, the narrator seems to be really nervous and paranoid for some odd reason. He seems to be physically and mentally ill because he seems to have lost all sense to reality. The narrator possibly suffers from Tinnitus which is a when a person constantly hears a ringing or buzzing sound. We will write a custom essay sample on Tell Tale Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tinnitus is commonly found in men over the age of 40 years old. He may have Tinnitus because he is very lonely and rarely sleeps. It seems as if the narrator is trying to hide who he really is because their name is not shared. The narrator possibly does not reveal their name so they will not be found. Is the narrator a possible murderer? The narrator seems to constantly visiting this old man. This old man is mysterious because he is only seen in the narrator’s perspective. The old man is wealthy and that seems to be the main reason for the narrator to constantly want to visit the old man. The narrator appears to have a father and son like relationship with the old man. Could it be possible that the narrator is a slave, and the old man is his owner? The narrator resembles a slave because he is always around the old man. The old man could be the owner because he is wealthy, and he has the narrator do numerous things for him. The old man has a blue eye that the narrator is extremely terrified of. It is common for the white man to have blue eyes, but the short story does not give that information. Having a blue eye gives away that the old man is white. As for being an old short story, slaves feared the white man before slavery was abolished. This could be one of the reasons that the narrator fears the old man and decides to kill him. The narrator cuts up the old mans ody to pieces and, he puts all the pieces under the floor of the house causing the house to smell really badly. Now if the neighbor did not call the police after hearing a scream, the narrator would have gotten away with murder. The policemen had the normal role of doing their job. The neighbor set off enough flags after notifying the police of what he heard. If the neighbor had constantly contacted the police, the policemen would have ign ored everything the neighbor had  said. This short story just goes to show that some people aren’t really who they appear to be.