Gender Discrimination in Developing Countries Essay

Although we live in the 21st century gender discrimination still remains. Despite the fact that international laws have granted men and women equal rights, in some parts of the world there is discriminatory attitude towards men and women, which affects their lives on a daily basis. Since women are mostly affected by discrimination, I will try to cover as many different types as possible. First of all, in eastern countries when girls are born they are considered as just another expanse. Their place is in the home, and they’re considered to be servant of the household. As they grow up they’re made to feel inferior to boys. Also in some parts of the world, girls do not have the right to go to school and be educated. Resulting in them not being able to seek a career later on in their lives. As far as labor in concerned girls are likely to work from daybreak until the light drains away, they work hard without recognition or reward, not to mention the fact that since infancy women run the risk of physical harm, they’re vulnerable to abuse, especially those living in societies where their rights mean practically nothing. In addition, this is a phenomenon in developing world countries since there is much poverty striking families; they see their daughters as an economic predicament. Even newborn girls lack the opportunity to be breast fed by their mothers, since their goal is to try and get pregnant again with a boy as soon as possible. As they grow up, they receive less food, healthcare, even fewer vaccinations then boys. In my opinion, the whole world is facing a devastating reality regarding discrimination against girls and women in developing countries. This results in numerous individual tragedies, which contributes to less potential for the countries they’re born in. It is my firm belief that if one part suffers, so does the whole. I feel sorry for all of those female children, who are defenseless against the trauma of gender discrimination. I’m certain that the various international organizations, are working hard to improve the livelihood of girls and women  living in developing countries, such as, UNICEF, UNIFEM, or Amnesty International. I feel relieved that at least they’re trying to raise international awareness. As for the validity of the source is concerned, it is secondary source primarily based on fact. The source is trustworthy indeed, since it comes from the representative of Children In Need Inc. which strives to encourage people to help and support children in need. They do provide accurate information, since they express their own experiences from visits to those countries. Questions: Don’t you think it’s time you stepped up and contributed to raising international awareness about gender discrimination? Is it right for a baby girl to be deprived of her mother’s breast-feeding? Are we proud of being citizens of developed countries, without being aware of what goes on in some other parts of the world? Don’t you think food; education and healthcare should be a right that all children despite gender should have?

Environmental Issues facing France

France The state my spouse and I chose is France. France is located between the Mediterranean sea on the sou'-east and is on the Continent, Europe. France was founded October 4, 1958 and was a mediaeval land from the western portion of West Francia. France is presently 57 old ages old. France began to set up settlements in North America such as India, Caribbean, Portuguese, and Spanish. France did hold bondage, and used them more viciously. They lawfully traded slaves until 1830 when Europe stopped. They kept it a secret until after the U.S Civil War. Every topographic point which is located around the universe have a list of statistics such as infant mortality rate, land country, and etc these statistics are called demographics. Land country is a measuring which measures the land in square units. The land country for France is 247, 367 sq. stat mis, or can be measured in kilometres squared which for France would be 640, 679 kilometer squared. A population size determines the figure of persons which live in a population. The population size of France was 66.03 during 2013, and the sum of people have escalated, and it is now 64 million in 2015. France has now become 0. 89 % of the universe populations entire, and has now gained rank figure 21 in the list of population sizes. Life anticipation determines to an norm that a individual may be expected to populate, and the mean age which a individual is expected to populate boulder clay in France is the age 83. During 1960 France had a population growing rate of 1.2 % , and it has decre ased to a growing rate of 0.5 % during 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: // World Wide Web. mtholyoke. edu / classs / rschwart / hist 255/ La / industrialisation. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: // World Wide Web. theodora. com / wfbcurrent / France / France _ geographics.hypertext markup language France is considered to be an industrialised state, but during the nineteenth century France had a much slower rate of going an industrialised state. How industrialisation started was piece by piece and was slower than any other European state, but since industrialisation was slow France was merely going used to agriculture, powered machinery, and mass production it was finally able to go considered industrialised. One environmental issue France faces is H2O pollution and is a serious issue. They produce about 18.7 million dozenss of waste every twelvemonth. About 1.5 people who live in France, have polluted tap H2O in their places. â€Å"According to the survey most deficient H2O in France is loaded with pesticides and nitrates from fertiliser and farm animal manure. That is the instance in 63 per centum of cases where places receive contaminated H2O – which represents around 900, 000 people.† This means they are imbibing H2O that is contaminated with many pollutants, and can kill them from diseases. Ever since 2012, 35 % of taint has fallen. Another thing is that when france’s clime alteration, there H2O has deficits. It will cut down the sum of fresh H2O that is presently available. Peoples that live in the country are n't imbibing clean H2O. France has been confronting H2O deficits since 1976. For illustration, there rivers are drying up due to the clime alteration, and can impact the people who live at that place. France has been besides confronting droubts, and that can take to serious fires. If this happens, the H2O will decline. It is told that in the summer, it will turn into a crisis. Last but non least, France has been sing acerb rain that is doing the H2O to go contaminated and polluted. If contacted, the acid can fire your tegument. So when this happens, it is go forthing chemicals in the H2O and can take to many environmental issues. hypertext transfer protocol: // World Wide Web. nationsencyclopedia. com / Europe / France – ENVIRONMENT. hypertext markup language Pollution is a planetary issue around the universe which has been endangering the Earth for a long period of clip up boulder clay this twenty-four hours. France is one of the many topographic points which release the most pollution, and due to this France has tried to alter many ways to halt pollution in this state. One of the many stairss which France is seeking to take in halting pollution is censoring autos. France has decided on censoring autos, and alternatively replacing it with motorcycles. A concern to many people in France is pollution, and many are either have oning scarfs, or face masks, because they are concerned about take a breathing in contaminated air. France has besides been concerned with how fast autos drive, and people which use autos as they are seeking to censor it, and warn the people of France that there is a big hazard of pollution. Decision While working on this undertaking I have been able to analyze about France, and be cognizant of the statistics of pollution, infant mortality, and etc. My spouse and I have been able to garner information in which we have ne'er knew before about France. I have been able to work on pollution, infant mortality, population, and etc. I have learned many things which I have ne'er knew about France, such as they are confronting a big pollution hazard. My spouse was able to work on other information on France such as environmental issues, and the basic information of France. While working on France for a group undertaking we have been able to understand the issues which France is facing, and the inside informations of France

Coca-Cola Mission Statement – Strategic Management

I think The Coca-Cola Company has done an exceptional job with defining their mission, vision, values and goals. These items may not be listed under the appropriate titles based on the background information present in this module but the information has been provided within the titles that are listed on the company’s website. For example, the mission statement is listed under the focus on the market statement and the vision statement is listed under the mission statement. I feel as if this company has provided me with the direction of this company based on their mission statement. I am inspired by the vision of this company. The values of this company are values that represent a successful company. This company has set goals that will allow this company continued world success.This executive summary will start with introduction of The Coca-Cola Company. Second, I will identify The Coca-Cola Company’s mission, vision, values and goals. Third, I will critically evaluate each element for this company and show how it is in line with the background information for this module and that no changes are recommended or required. Fourth, I will show how each of the elements account for the stakeholder’s interests. Fifth, I will conclude this executive summary.IntroductionThe Coca-Cola Company has been around for over one hundred years and their manufactured goods are sold all around the world. A company does not survive for over one hundred years without an incredible map providing direction. This map is the company’s mission, vision, values and goals. Company’s mission, vision, values and goals (all taken directly from The Coca-Cola Company’s Website)Mission:Inspire creativity, passion, optimism and funVision:To refresh the world†¦.To inspire moments of optimism and happiness†¦.To create value and make a difference†¦.ValuesPeople: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be.Portfo lio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people’s desires and needs.Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value.Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities.Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities.Productivity: Be a highly effective, learn and fast-moving organization. Goals.Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners.Get out into the market and listen, observe and learn.Possess a world view.Focus on execution in the marketplace every day.Be insatiable curious.Critical evaluate each element and show how it is in line with the background information This company’s mission statement provides a clear definition of what the company would like to do for the world. The company would like to inspire us and bring out the passion in us, while we are having fun consuming their products. In the article, State Your Business, it was  stated, â€Å"†¦.having a mission doesn’t guarantee winning. But not having one invariable spurs the opposite.† (Welch, 2008) The Coca-Cola Company wanted to do all they could to guarantee winning for their company so they created a strong winning mission statement.The vision statement tells us the vision this company has for the world. This statement paints a clear picture of what this company would like to do for the world through their merchandise. QuickMBA states, â€Å"The vision describes some milestone that the firm will reach in the future†¦.† (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010).Values define and dictate the standards and rules of an organization, without them, there are no standards for the organization. â€Å"Core values will not change†¦.† (QUICKMBA.com, 1999-2010).If a company does not have any goals, how would you know the obje ctive of the company? Unlike the line used in the article from Fast Company.com, â€Å"Who needs a long-term strategy when everyone’s goal is simply to ‘get big fast’?† (Hammonds, 2007) Unlike this article, The Coca-Cola Company did set some clear goals for their company. This company’s goals tell us exactly what they would like to do for the world.Show how each of the elements account for the stakeholder’s interests All of the elements account for the stakeholder’s interests. Each of the four elements clearly defines the objectives of this company, telling us what the company would like to accomplish and or achieve. All of the accomplishments will bring success to the company, which equals income or money for the stakeholders. One example is when the goals state,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners.†This allows the company to provide the things required by consumer, which will increase pr ofits. Another example is listed in the values, â€Å"Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities.† This value states within its statement how it accounts for the stakeholder’s interests. Actually, each value listed, supports the interest of the stakeholder’s. The mission and vision statements are a map pointing in the  direction of great success for the stakeholder’s.ConclusionIn conclusion, I started this executive summary with a summary of why I support The Coca-Cola Company’s mission, vision, values and goals as they are written on the company’s website. Next, I provided an introduction which stated the order in which this summary would be written. Third, I will identify The Coca-Cola Company’s mission, vision, values and goals.Fourth, I critically evaluated each element for this company and showed how it was in line with the background information for this module and that no chan ges were recommended or required due to the support of the background information. Fifth, I will show how each of the elements accounted for the stakeholder’s interests. Last, I am concluding this executive summary.

Questionnaire report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questionnaire report - Essay Example The data will be coded using statistical methods. The data will be tabulated into different categories and the total number of respondents in favour of a certain idea is recorded. These figures will then be calculated as a percentage of the total sum of the whole participants. This helps the researcher to interpret the findings on the basis of the responses that have been given by the participants in the study. b) Delivering the actual questionnaire to the respondents is quite a challenging task. First of all, this exercise is time consuming given that you have to walk around to identify the people you can involve in your study. You also have to talk to the people first before administering the questionnaire in order to obtain their consent so that they can participate in the study. The researcher needs to explain a couple of things to the participants before collecting the required data from them. The other challenging task is related to identification of the sample to be included in the study. Overall, the whole task is tedious and time consuming. c) Basically, sampling of individuals should be representative of the population being studied (Higginbottom, 2004). In this case, probability sampling would be used. This is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in such a way that all the individuals in the population are given equal chances of being selected and this probability can be accurately determined (Davies, 2007). The main advantage of using random sampling for this research is that it is fairly easily to manage which can lead to accurate results. All the subjects involved in the population stand equal chances of being included in the study. Therefore, the selected sample is likely to be a representation of the whole population. Given such a scenario, it can be noted that the results that are going to be obtained from this particular study are

Design of one Operation Unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Design of one Operation Unit - Essay Example The technology currently accounts for more than 20% of air separations. In cryogenic distillation applied in this design, air is liquefied, and then fractionally distilled, separating the air into its constituents primarily nitrogen, oxygen and argon. This is a complex process that is the most common and efficient method of large scale oxygen production. It is also the most efficient method of storing oxygen. Liquid oxygen storage is six to eight times more efficient than high pressure cylinders. The complexities and cool down requirements highly favour continuously operating production plants; this is not usually the mode of operation for field medical facilities. Liquid oxygen can be stored, but there is a loss rate that is dependent on the size of the container, the amount of liquid oxygen in the container, and the ambient temperature. Liquid oxygen cannot be stored for long term use. It is a simple matter to safely fill high pressure oxygen cylinders using liquid oxygen. Cryogeni c air separation is currently the most efficient and cost-effective technology for producing large quantities of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon as gaseous or liquid products. An air separation unit using a conventional, multi-column cryogenic distillation process produces oxygen from compressed air at high recoveries and purities. Cryogenic technology can also produce high-purity nitrogen as a useful by product stream at relatively low incremental cost. In addition, liquid argon, liquid oxygen, and liquid nitrogen can be added to the product slate for stored product backup or byproduct sales at low incremental capital and power costs. Capacity and product specification The designed system comprises of 3 columns with a length of 1 meter each. Its ID is 3cm. The system is equipped with an automated control system for regulation of each cycle’s time to monitor and record rate of flow, system pressure, and temperatures of the columns. The designed system can be applied to an extensi ve range of absorbents and pressures in facilitating the adsorption process. The targeted optimal rate of flow of oxygen to be produce by the system is 80 lit/min. design specifications are illustrated in the tables below, Capacity table: Theoretical Model Fix layer and dynamic regime adsorption is often characterized by continuous fluid flow phase going via an adsorbent layer within a time variable process (Nexant Inc., 2010). This is theoretically represented in the diagram below: At the process start, free adsorbent layer volume is considered as filled up with a given component A which cannot be absorbed and further, the solid is â€Å"clean†, and does not have any absorbing component B. Other assumptions made are that the gas is ideal; the absorbent layer has constant temperature, the section has constant speed, and that there is an insignificant pressure drop in the layer. This process is represented in a mathematical model which incorporates multiple equations referring to adsorbed component in volume element of height, fluid phase, and solid and the balance equation. These equations are illustrated hereafter, Product stands for mass transfer coefficient per absorbent layer’s unit volume. The first two equations can be simplified using a modified time variable as follows, The equations can be solved simoultaneously with knowledge of limit conditions: At the start, adsorbed component concentration is zero at any point in the adsorption

Compare and contrast Burkes narrative of the scientific revolution Essay

Compare and contrast Burkes narrative of the scientific revolution with Merchant's - Essay Example gency of scientific revolution was a means of upward progression by humans that could witness them gain power in order to control, rule, and manage the earth while searching the lost Garden of Eden. In both narratives, scientific revolution brings scientific inventions, technological advancements, as well as capitalism. These scientific tools would enable humans reinvent the lost garden, subdue or rather dominate nature, and deliver people from the wilderness or desert to the safe place perceived as the garden (112). In this case, both narratives are similar in the manner they contemplate recovery of the lost garden in the modern world, the way humans use their power in a series of historical events regarding scientific revolution in view of improving their environment with the help of science and technology. In conclusion, both scientific revolution narratives of Burke and Merchant have contrasting aspects regarding science and its evolution. Burke argues a computer scientist can control computerized technology as well as computerized communication. Furthermore, availability of computers can revolutionize the world through internet where people can exchange ideas regardless of their locations. Merchant on the other side writes people are idealizing nature with a point of making profit out of it. The appeal of finding the lost garden is no more (169). Therefore, people are capitalizing on their interests such as intrepid economic based adventures that are popular with tourists and expanded civilization of people and nature exploitation is rapidly diminishing the wilderness making environmental issues become centre of

What makes a good hypnotic suggestion and what other factors have an Essay

What makes a good hypnotic suggestion and what other factors have an effect on the success of therapy - Essay Example In the movies, people have seen individuals receive what is called "post hypnotic suggestion" where they have been told to do a variety of things. Sometimes these things are silly but in movies, they often use this suggestion to have the individual do something against their will. This is not what clinical hypnosis is about and its not what it does. In the clinical setting, an individual and their need for healing becomes central to the work in therapy. Because many people have seen stage hypnosis, they have developed attitudes or beliefs that may hinder their use of clinical hypnosis. In a study by Barling and DeLucchi, it was found that those people who have experienced hypnosis in the clinical setting had more knowledge and more positive beliefs about hypnosis than those who had seen it on the stage (Barling and DeLucchi 36). These authors also say that because people go into clinical hypnosis with pre-conceived ideas, it is very important for these to be explored: When a person thinks about using hypnosis, it is important to schedule a free consultation. During the consultation they can get questions answered and often satisfy their curiosity. Usually, a short session may be used so an individual can experience a little of the sensation that happens with hypnosis. The hypnotherapist will ask questions about the individuals life and their current situation. These questions will help the hypnotherapist assess the individuals need. It is also important during the initial consultation to go over goals and tools that the individual has used prior to coming to the current therapist. Often, the individual will receive ideas for skills to practice before the next session (Holistic Health Partnering). Hypnosis is a state of altered consciousness in which an individual is relaxed enough to allow the subconscious mind to come forward. Individuals must be willing to allow themselves to be hypnotized, allowing the hypnotherapist to induce the process. This process

Module 3 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 Case Assignment - Coursework Example Customer values the product if it is unique; it is available at affordable price meeting customers needs quickly. A firm increases value of its products either by increasing its features, quality and utility or by lowering its costs. A company adds value by performing operations and processes efficiently and effectively and by continuous innovation in its activities. A company performs primary activities such as production, sales and marketing, research and development, and servicing activities to satisfy customers’ needs. Many support activities such as efficient materials management, human resource management, and the company infrastructure go along with in value creation process and attaining competitive advantage. Continuous learning and improvement is necessary to sustain competitive advantage and for that each important outcome needs to be compared and benchmarked (Connelley). While Kraft operates several product lines under several product categories, in broader sense, the value chain of Kraft Foods can be broken into inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and finally services. The first three functions lead to demand fulfillment and the last two functions are geared towards generating demands from customers. Each part of the value chain of Kraft can be analyzed, in broader sense, to know how it helps adding value for its customers. Though Kraft outsources its basic raw materials globally it always feels a need to revamp its procurement processes. It is to be noted that before 2010 Kraft had around 77,000 vendors; however, only 1200 vendors met 80% of the supply. In 2010, Kraft decided to move towards more strategic suppliers reducing their numbers and achieved 40 percent incremental savings (Ellinor, 2010). However, the efforts need to be on revamping procurement chain significantly as that is still a major bottleneck for Kraft to meet its expanding demand of its products.

The Eukaryotic cell structure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Eukaryotic cell structure - Assignment Example The size of mitochondrion is very small while it is much greater than that of ribosomes that appear like small granules either floating within the cytosol or associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The number of mitochondria within a cell varies depending upon the cell type and the amount of energy required to perform their work, as there may be numerous mitochondria within muscular cells than that in nerve cells. Mitochondria are very small organelles. Moreover new mitochondria can be developed within the cell in case if the energy requirement of the cell remains unfulfilled with the already functioning mitochondria. Ribosomes are single membrane organelles while mitochondria in contrast to other organelles possess double layers. The external membrane serves as the protective covering of the organelle while the inner one is found in folded form. The folding of the internal membrane enhances the surface area within mitochondria as it serves as the site where various chemical react ions occur. This heightened surface area permits the mitochondria to perform as many tasks as possible. Such a similar strategy is adopted in the small intestines by microvilli. The folding of the mitochondria’s internal membrane is referred as cristae while the fluid within the mitochondria is known as matrix (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2009). Ribosomes on the other hand are composed of proteins and RNA and basically perform the task of assembling cellular proteins. Similar to the mitochondria, their number also varies within as cell depending upon the cell’s production level of proteins. Ribosomes usually consist of two subunits amongst which one is larger while one is smaller in size. These subunits are prepared by the nucleolus and they connect together as a ribosome gets attached to mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid) during the

Creating a Climate for Innovation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creating a Climate for Innovation - Case Study Example These theories are; organizational integration from the stream of organizational design, the knowledge creating organization from the stream of collective cognition and learning, and a hybrid theory of team climate for innovation. All these theories concur that innovations in organizations occurs where collaborative work, common understanding of vision and norms, and shared learning among proximal groups are necessary conditions. The organizational theory relates the competitive advantage of the business enterprise to its structural strategy while the knowledge creating organizational theory involves activities of knowledge creation and discovery that takes place in the social context, where knowledge transfers require social interactions. Finally, the hybrid theory incorporates the concepts of both the organizational integration theory and the knowledge creating organizational theory. This theory assumes that innovation occurs within proximal work groups if particular conditions tha t are sufficient for their collective learning and shared understanding and coordinated performance occur. These theories fall short in describing all aspects which may influence an organizations ability to prosper in the future In order for the analysis of the innovation phenomenon in organizations to be made, a conceptual method was derived. The model was to be used in developing various hypotheses that would be verified through survey and other research methods. The three innovation theories were used to derive three constructs which would in turn lead to distinguished business performance. The three constructs are: â€Å"Leadership for Innovation† (LFI), â€Å"Organizational Culture for Innovation† (OCI), and â€Å"Team Climate for Innovation† (TCI). Although these same constructs were identified in the previous work of Panuwatwanich (2008). However, this constructs risk exposing the organization into losses because of their reliance on surveys. In event of a wrong survey, the implementation of construct methods may severely harm the organization. The factor analytic model was also used when the variables of theoretical interest cannot be easily identified in the organization, hence observable variables are used. The factor analysis uses two statistical approaches in the analysis, that is, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory approach focuses on grouping related variables together while the confirmatory approach focuses on analyzing data for inferential purposes and hypothetical testing. Though important, the factor analysis method is sometimes ineffective in the analysis of data which has no correlation. Finally, the preliminary findings also showed that, the climate of innovation in the UAE organizations is moderately strong, although it requires more practical support in terms of providing more resources for the skill base to further develop their skills and seek better ways of developing cre ative solutions. Another finding is that construction firms performed slightly better than non-construction firms in demonstrating an innovation-conducive atmosphere. This showed that the statistical methods used were accurate and reliable. Critical analysis of the conceptual model for innovation In order for a good climate for innovation to be created in a business environment, three main theories should be put into consideration. The theories include; the organizational integration theory from the broad stream of

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay The story of Romeo and Juliet has been well known for many centuries. It has been interpreted and adapted by many people, including Shakespeare himself! Two of the most famous versions are the 1968 film by Franco Zeffirelli and the 1996 film by Baz Luhrmann. Each director has adapted the story for his own purposes. I am going to study how these two films have interpreted Shakespeares play in a modern style for a modern audience. I feel that each version will appeal to a different audience compared to the other. Language for example, should be closely reviewed as it has to be appropriate for the humour of the particular time in each film. This is because puns were very popular in Shakespearean times so throughout the play there is a great deal used. In the first scene Capulets servants, Sampson and Gregory, joke together by using puns. Here are two examples of the way they use them: I strike quickly, being moved But thou art not quickly moved to strike. And I will be civil with the maids; I will cut off their heads. The heads of the maids? Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads, take it in what sense thou wilt. A modern audience however, would not find this humorous so the directors would have had to accommodate to this and adapt to it. The use of common, everyday language has also changed dramatically since the 16th Century so people today would not necessarily understand the plot if they went to watch Romeo and Juliet in its original theatre form. Zeffirelli and Luhrmann both kept Shakespeares language in their films, which was a great risk to take if they were to be box-office successes. I think Zeffirelli did this because the film was based in medieval times so the language reflected this. Luhrmann however, thought that language was very important to the story and he did not want to lose the Shakespearean idea and effect of the play. In the prologue Shakespeare conveys the outline of the story and makes it clear that fate has doomed the two lovers. Again, each film version has been adapted in very different ways to fit their audience. The first scene establishes the quarrel between the two families and introduces Benvolio and Tybalt who are contrasting characters- Tybalt being very aggressive and violent and Benvolio being a peacemaker. Each filmmaker created their own idea of the two characters with Zeffirellis remaining more in-keeping with the original play and Luhrmann interpreting the two characters as modern-day American gangsters especially Tybalt. The prologue of Zeffirellis version is very calm and peaceful; it begins with an aerial view of the city and pans around it as the voice-over reads the famous passage that begins Two households, both alike in dignity in a dull and unemotional tone. The scenery is very romantic and the camera uses soft lens to show this. The citys architecture is shown to be medieval and visually beautiful. The music too is very renaissance and one of the musical themes is established. The title Romeo and Juliet that appears on the screen is written in old, medieval and rather gothic lettering in keeping with the setting. Overall, the prologue is dull and dreary and I do not feel that it would appeal to a wide audience. However, it is very much the same as Shakespeares as Zeffirelli has not made any extreme changes. Baz Luhrmanns prologue however, is the complete contrast; it begins with a shot of a 1950s T. V broadcast showing that it is a modern adaptation of the play. The news reader then announces the plays prologue like a 60 second segment as part of the local news. It then moves onto a confusion of images one after another as the pace increases dramatically. The music builds to a crescendo, which increases the tension and excitement, in tone the music is slightly religious. The characters are introduced in freeze-frames, which seems like a typical American modern programme. There are many violent images portrayed to establish, like Shakespeare does, a long running feud between the two families, many of which are religious symbols (e.g. Christ, Virgin Mary and the Capulet and Montague buildings with Christ statue in between). Newspaper headlines also reinforce images. Through the blur and rush it shows a lot of destruction and fire and a violent society is shown through images for example, magazine covers. Baz Luhrmanns prologue sets the scene of the play by illustrating the violence occurring between the two wealthy families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Overall, Luhrmanns is fast-paced and very exciting, thus keeping the viewer intrigued and wanting to watch more. Zeffirellis first scene is very different from the prologue; it moves from being calm and sadistic to a loud, lively and bustling market place. It is an authentic mise-en-scene, which seems very medieval. There is a lot of laughter that appears more ironic than genuine. The characters are introduced from their feet upward including Tybalt later on in the scene. The Capulets begin the scene and are wearing bright, light and rather clownish clothes; their main use of colour is orange. The Montagues clothes however, are dark and sombre with colours such as navy/dark blue. The sexual humour in Shakespeare is not present in the Zeffirelli version as a modern audience would not understand and would not find it humourous. As the puns are omitted, humour is introduced through images and action, for example a modern audience may find the costumes funny because they are authentic and medieval (this makes it seem more realistic). The fight scene is made more exciting by involving the audience through the use of a hand-held camera and some shots are out of focus to add to the atmosphere and tension as if the audience is part of the crowd. During the fight it is extremely noisy; there are bells ringing, rallying cries and lots of shouting and ambient sound makes it seem realistic. The Prince then arrives on a horse and the camera shot is looking up to make him seem powerful. Zeffirelli succeeds in accomplishing the interpretation of Shakespeares play as it appears very realistic and he has kept to the storyline. Luhrmanns next scene opens with the Montague Boys behaving loud and aggressive and very much in the mood to enjoy themselves. They arrive at a gas station which is a perfect, modern location to incorporate Shakespeares original text that says Verona: A public place. The camera zooms in on the numberplate of the car which reads MON 105 with Verona Beach underneath. This clearly illustrates what gang they belong to. The Montagues are wearing colourful beachwear and they have pink hair and tattoos, their car is orange/yellow with an open-top. I think that their clothes reflect their personality. As the Montagues gas up their car whilst being loud, vulgar and riotous some Capulets pull in to the gas station. The Capulets are in a blue car with heavily tinted windows to make them appear sinister. The camera shows a close-up of their number plate too which shows that the enemy has arrived. They are mainly wearing black and have metal on their heels along with religious symbols on their T-shirts. One Capulet even has sin written on his teeth. Luhrmann has clearly changed the sequence of characters because in his version the Montague boys begin the first scene, however, in Zeffirellis and Shakespeares it is the Capulets beginning the scene by joking around etc. When the two gangs notice each other it then turns into a Spaghetti Western like film with each side representing their families and are ready to fight. Mexican music then begins to also represent this and highlight the effect. At the beginning there is a great deal of laughter, which is largely similar to Zeffirellis version. When the Capulets arrive they are laughing and joking which is what both families do in Zeffirellis. The characters do not say anything that is humourous, however, the actions and noises that some of them make may be humourous to the audience. This implies for Zeffirellis too. For example, In Luhrmanns the sound effects are exaggerated when a passenger in one of the cars is shown hitting one of the Montagues over the head repeatedly. This adds humour to the atmosphere. Luhrmann also omits the puns for the same reason as Zeffirelli. When the Capulets are chasing the Montagues there is screeching of tyres to add excitement and tension to the atmosphere. As the challenge to fight is being issued the music stops and the only sound the audience can hear is screaming in the background. Tybalt is then introduced in the same way as he is in Zeffirellis- from the feet upwards to make him seem very important. He is portrayed as aggressive and violent which is how Shakespeare shows him in the original play too. The atmosphere becomes increasingly tense as he slowly lights a match and drops it while the background is blurred to highlight the act; this is to increase the drama of the scene. Tybalt then grinds the match with his metal heel and the sound is exaggerated to make it seem more dramatic. The camera goes into a close-up of the two gangs guns and gun emblems bearing words like 9mm Sword. Luhrmann has used Shakespeares use of knives and swords and adapted the significance in the use of the makes of their guns instead. This is a way of explaining why gangsters say things like Put up your swords. I think that this is a very inventive interpretation of the original text to a modern-day story. Benvolio is then introduced using a close-up shot and freeze frame. He is portrayed as a peacemaker even by the first words he says which are Part fools you know not what you do! Again, Luhrmann is adapting from the original text by creating him the way Shakespeare does as non-aggressive. The music then stops and all the audience can hear are the flames of the fire (this is called ambient sound). The camera then focuses on the car notice that says Add more fuel to your fire. This is ironic because the sign is reflecting real life as the fuel in the gas station actually is ablaze. During the gun fire exchange the music and sound effects come together to make the quick changing camera shots seem rapid. There is dramatic Mexican/Spaghetti Western music rising in volume in the background and lots of gunshots and screams are heard. Background noises of horns of cars in traffic jams can also be heard in the din. It then returns to the chanting music of the opening titles, which dramatically increases tension as the gas station explodes in flames. The camera then focuses on the Capulet and Montague buildings and goes into an aerial view as though in the helicopter by looking down at the chaos on the ground. The music reaches its climax as Benvolio and Tybalt drop their guns to the floor. This is done in slow motion to emphasise what is happening. At this point, everything is extremely tense as the audience watch the two guns slowely drop to the ground in unison. Although Luhrmann has adapted this play and changed many things about it he has kept the original idea and characters of the play. In other words, this is no West Side Story, loosely interpreting a Shakespearean play for its own ends. Rather, it IS Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, uprooted into a new setting for a new generation and I feel that Luhrmann has achieved this very well. This is because Shakespeares plays were designed to adapt to any audience and with this in mind, Baz Luhrmann has created a film that applies to the modern audience through this updating. I also watched a part of West Side Story, however, this takes a very free view of its source material as it uses Shakespeares tragedy for its plot value more than anything else. This is unlike Zeffirellis or Luhrmanns as they have produced an interpretation of the film and included most of Shakespeares text. It is difficult to compare West Side Story to the other two versions as it departs so much from the story Romeo and Juliet that it is hardly recognizable as an adaptation. However, it does keep to the idea of the two rival gangs.

Sarcodina Case Essay Example for Free

Sarcodina Case Essay Sarcodina, the largest phylum (11,500 living species and 33,000 fossil species) of protozoans). It comprises the amebas and related organisms; which are all solitary cells that move and capture food by means of pseudopods, flowing temporary extensions of the cell. Most sarcodines are free living; others are parasitic. One of these parasites is the causative organism of amebic dysentery. With the exception of chloroplasts, sarcodines are identical to the ameboid members of the phylum Chrysophyta. Sarcodines may reproduce asexually by cell division, often without breakdown of the nuclear envelope that is typical in mitosis, or sexually by meiosis and the production of haploid gametes, followed by fusion of gametes and the formation of zygotes. Sarcodina /Sar ·co ·di ·na/ (-di ´nah) a subphylum of protozoa consisting of organisms that alter their body shape and that move about and acquire food either by means of pseudopodia or by protoplasmic flow without producing discrete pseudopodia. Phylum Sarcodina The sarcodines are a much more familiar group of protists than the mastigophores. The most well-known example of a sarcodine is the famous amoeba. Lacking any rigid structure outside of their cell membrane, sarcodines can freely change their shape and form pseudopodia. Sarcodines can live in both freshwater and marine environments. They can reproduce both asexually and sexually, and they are usually free-living. Like mastigophores, sarcodines use pseudopodia to move and capture food. Although the amoeba is generally thought of as lacking any structure, some have shells, and most other types of sarcodines also have shells. One class of sarcodines, the foraminiferans, possess calcareous shells (they are made of CaCO3). Radiolarians also have shells, but theirs contain silica. While the latter two groups usually live in saltwater environments, the heliozoans live in freshwater. They too can have shells which contain silica. Sarcodines reproduce sexually by syngamy (fusion of two gametes) and asexually by division or budding. In multinucleate forms, cytoplasmic division with distribution of the nuclei occurs. Some sarcodines have flagella during certain stages of their development; in other groups flagellated and unflagellated generations alternate. Sarcodines may be either solitary or colonial. Although some are parasitic on plants or animals, most sarcodines are free-living, feeding on bacteria, algae, other protozoans, or organic debris. The genera are distinguished by the structure of their pseudopodia. See also pseudopodium. Pseudopods or pseudopodia (false feet) are a special group of amoebas able to change their form to be able to move. Pseudopods are one of the three locomotion modes of unicellular organisms (together with flagella and cilia). Pseudopods can also capture prey by phagocytosis. Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek φÎ ±ÃŽ ³ÃŽ µÃ¡ ¿â€"ÃŽ ½ (phagein) , meaning to devour, ÃŽ ºÃ Ãâ€žÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, (kytos), meaning cell, and -osis, meaning process) is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome by phagocytes and protists. Phagocytosis was revealed by Ilya Mechnikov in 1882. Phagocytosis is a specific form of endocytosis involving the vesicular internalization of solids such as bacteria, and is, therefore, distinct from other forms of endocytosis such as the vesicular internalization of various liquids. Phagocytosis is involved in the acquisition of nutrients for some cells, and, in the immune system, it is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytosed. eat algae, bacteria,other protozoans,and tiny particle of dead plant. Inside of amoeba is jelly like fluid called cytoplasm.amoeba reproduce by a process called binary fission.amoeba can split in half and make two identical new amoebas.they spend most of their time attached to the plants . sometimes they float freely to the water. The word amoeba comes from a Greek word meaning to change. Other ex; arcella, difflugia, heliozoans, radiolarians, foramineferans.

Chemical compounds

Chemical compounds Introduction Chemical compounds can generally be classified into two broad groups: molecular compounds and ionic compounds. Molecular compounds involve atoms joined by covalent bonds and can be represented by a variety of formulas. Ionic compounds are composed of ions joined by ionic bonding, and their formulas are generally writtenusing oxidation states. Molecular Compounds Molecular compounds are composed of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds are formed when electrons are shared between two atoms. The concept of chemical formulas was created to describe many characteristics of molecular compounds through in a simple manner. A normal chemical formula encompass factors about which elementsare in the molecule, and how many atoms of each element there are. The number of atoms of each element is denoted by a subscript, a small number that is written to the left of the element. In the preceding formula, the subscript â€Å"2† denotes the fact that there are 2 hydrogen atoms present in the molecule. Other types of formulas are used to display more detailed characteristics of molecules. An empirical formula represents the proportions of atoms in a molecule. It gives important information about a molecule, because itdisplays the ratios of atoms that are present within the molecule.However, itslimitations exist in the sense that it does not represent the exact number of those atoms that are present in the molecule, as do molecular formulas. In certain situations, the molecular and the empirical formula can be the same, but in other situations, the molecular formula is a multiple of the ratios of atoms indicated in the empirical formula.Since empirical formulas can be derived from molecular formulas,molecular formulas are generallymore useful than empirical formulas. To illustrate the difference between empirical and molecular compounds: C5H7O is a possible empirical formula, because a ratio of 5:7:1 cannot be simplified any further. In this particular case, the empirical formula could also be the molecular formula, if there are exactly 5 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom per molecule. However, another possible molecular formula for this same molecule is C10H14O2, because while there are 10 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms present, theratio 10:14:2 can be simplified to 5:7:1, giving way to the same empirical formula. Additionally, C10H14O2is not the only possibility of a molecular formula for this molecule; anyformula with the same relative proportions of these atoms that can be simplified to a 5:7:1 ratiosis apossible molecular formula for this molecule. When given adequate information, the empirical formula and molecular formula can be quantitatively ascertained. A structural formula is written to denote the details of individual atoms bonding. More specifically, it clarifies what types of bonds exist, between which atoms these bonds exist, and the order of the atoms bonding within the molecule. Covalent bondsare denoted by lines.A singleline represents a single bond, twolinesrepresent a double bond, three lines represent a triple bond, and onwards. A single covalent bond occurs when two electrons are shared between atoms, a double occurs when four electrons are shared between two atoms, etc. In this sense, the higher the number of bonds, the stronger the bond between the two atoms. The above is a diagram of the structural formula of acetic acid, whose molecular formula is CH3COOH. A condensed structural formula isa less graphicalway ofrepresentating the same characteristics displayed by astructural formula. In this type of formula, the molecule is writtenas a molecular formula with the exception thatitindicates where the bonding occurs. The above diagram isthe structural formula of hexane. By referring to the structural formula and emphasizing where bonding occurs, one can ascertain a condensed structural formula of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. All the representations discussed thus far have not addressed how to show a molecules three-dimensional structure. The two ways to illustrate a spatial structure are through the use of the ball-and-stick model as well as the space-filling model. The ball-and-stick model uses balls to spatiallyrepresent a molecule. The ballsare the atoms in a molecule and sticksare the bonds between specific atoms. The space-filling model is also a method of spatially displaying a molecule and its characteristics. A space-filling model shows atoms sizes relative sizes to one another. Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds arecomposed of positive and negative ions that are joined by ionic bonds.Ionic bonds are generally formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, causing individual atoms to become charged particles, or ions. Ionscan be referred as either monatomic or polyatomic. Monatomic ions such asCl−are composed of only one ion,while polyatomic ions such as NO3−are defined as polyatomic ions. A combination of these ions that forms a compound whose charge is equal to zero is known as a formula unit of an ionic compound. Formulas of ionic compounds can be written with reference to oxidation states. For further reference, please visit the ChemWiki article dedicated to oxidation states: Outside links Molecular compounds:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_compound Ionic compounds:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_compound Determining the empirical formula of a molecule:http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/empirical.htm Determining the molecular formula of a molecule:http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/probsolv/stoichiometry/molecular2/mf2.0.html Using oxidation states to determine formulas of ionic compounds:http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson53.htm

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - Victor Frankenstein is to Blame Essay

Victor Frankenstein is to Blame Can an intense appetency for the pursuit of knowledge result in fatal consequences? In most situations when a strong desire is present consequences are seldom taken into consideration. In the novel, Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein pursues knowledge in an obsessive manner that blinds him to the possible effects. Victor Frankenstein is the primary cause of his creature's desolation. Indeed, Victor Frankenstein is at fault for the creature's isolation and malformation, which causes the creature to feel rejected, lonely, and determined to seek revenge. Victor Frankenstein's determination to constitute a race causes him to create a deformed creature, which he immediately rejects. In the first place, Victor, who is strong willed, spends both night and day working on his creation, his initial concern is to create a race in which he may be their leader. He also uses parts that are bigger in size so that he may finish faster. When he finishes his reaction is completely different from what he had expected. For instance, when he is done with his creation he becomes so appalled by its appearance that he "rushed out of the room" (42). When Victor awakens the next morning he finds the creature at his bedside and at that moment he leaves. When he returns he finds an empty house with no creature in sight, which brings him a feeling of relief. Victor describes the creature as a "demonical corpse" (43) to which he has given life. Furthermore, Victor, sometime later, sees the creature at a distance and never once decides to approach i t. Instead Victor always rushes in the opposing direction. For example, while Victor is on his journey home he crosses the lake to Plainpalais and sees... ...s wickedness and its wanting to seek revenge. Â   In conclusion, Victor Frankenstein is to blame for the actions of the creature, which was brought about by its rejection. Victor became obsessive in his work, but when his creation was complete he fully rejected it causing the creature to lead a life of solitude. The monster also attempts to seek acceptance from society and fails. The creature, also aware that it has been rejected by Victor, pursues a life of revenge killing those dear to him. Hence, if Victor would have never abandoned his creation the multiple deaths of the innocent could have been prevented. Works Consulted Boyd, Stephen. York Notes on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Longman York Press, 1992. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992

Beka Lamb by Zee Edgell Essay -- Four Pillars Zee Edgell Essays Papers

Beka Lamb by Zee Edgell The four pillars of life include staying connected, motion, nutrition and reduction of stress. In the novel, Beka Lamb, by Zee Edgell, these pillars are examined. A novel about the upbringing and changes a young girl goes through. She makes some mistakes throughout her life but she soon realizes that she needs to alter her ways. With the help of a close friend, considered to be like a sister, she is able to look at life differently. Their friendship helps them to transform.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beka is a young teenager, going through a tough time in her life. Her parents had enrolled her in a Catholic school in order to give her a best education. They want her to strive to be the best that she can. While at school, Beka became lazy and ended up failing her first year at the school. Aside from being a poor student, Beka is also a liar. Rather than telling her parents the truth, she lies and as a result, takes a beating from her father. Her best friend, Toycie, tries to guide Beka onto the right path.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Toycie is a few years older than her friend. She is now in fourth form at the Catholic school. As a child, she was abandoned by her parents and left to be cared for by her Aunt Eila. Characterized by her Aunt as a Queen, Toycie is almost the complete opposite of Beka. She is beautiful and studious. The quality that links them together is their ability to find themselves in bad situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their friendship had developed at a young age and has grown into a sisterhood. As a job, Toycie took care of Beka and her brothers. From there, the two shared many secrets. Being each others’ confidant, they spent a lot of time together. They would go on walks and share their thoughts or ambitions with one another. They also had a system of checks and balances. When Beka was in trouble at school, Toycie offered to help her with her studies. She also urged Beka to be truthful with her parents. In return, Beka tried to persuade Toycie to find help when she became pregnant. Beka was also there for her when her boyfriend refused to accept the baby as his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Toycie’s hardest times, Beka was always around, trying to help. Because of their strong friendship, Beka wanted to be her shoulder to lean on. In the first few months of her pregnancy, Toycie became very nauseous. While at school, she was vomiting everywhere and Beka would run to h... ...aditions of its mother country. Tea time offered a time for people to connect with others. It was a time where families could get together and bond. As mentioned before, women of the house joined together in the kitchen when preparing the snack. Motion plays it part when the family is together and talking. Their minds are consistently moving as they discuss their thoughts. Also, Beka and Toycie usually took their long walks after tea. Obviously, the pillar of nutrition was fulfilled when the family has tea and treats. Lastly, the family was able to relax when sitting down for tea. They were able to take some time out of their day to unwind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beka Lamb is a good example for the four pillars of life. The different aspects are displayed in Beka’s actions and beliefs. She is full of life and without these pillars she would not be able to get as far as she has. Still in her first form, Beka still has a lot to learn about herself and others. Everything happens for a reason and Beka has learned that her actions do have consequences. Although all consequences may not be good ones, she still has the basic foundations in life which are found in herself, her family and her friends.

Truman Doctrine :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All things in history have a place and time. In fact we are history. Had it not been for the previous events in world history, our existence could have been questionable. What would have happened if Hitler did take over the world? Would we be alive today? What if the cold war turned hot at some point? All these doubts tend to help an individual realize that everything in world history happens for a specific reason and therefore everything has its own time and place. One significant event in United States history had been the Vietnam War. However, the Vietnam War that I speak of didnà ─≥t last from the mid 1960à ─≥s to early 1970à ─≥s. Rather, the events that had lead up to the proceedings of the situation in Vietnam began on March 12, 1947 with the creation of the Truman Doctrine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proceeding World War II, the threat of communism had been particularly high. In fact, the US feared the spread of communism within many undeveloped regions throughout the world. Therefore, within the Truman Doctrine incorporated the policy of containment. The policy guaranteed immediate aid to Greece in Turkey, which had been in danger of falling under communistic influences. Within such, the policy stated they would provide military and economic help to a country that was underdeveloped and being endangered. In reality, the policy was designed to secure countries that would easily fall to a communistic regime. President Truman had established this to create a sense of security not for the US, but the world as a whole. Truman believed that Russia was out to spread the sphere of influence in the east. In return, the US had been there to prevent such occurrences. Each country battled for its own beliefs. The policy of containment could be argued to be an initial yet distant spark for a happening in Vietnam. Nonetheless, President Truman left his imposing mark on the world history with his Doctrine and policy. Many still continue to argue that all post 1945 US Foreign Policies were in some way or shape related to the tactics of containment. In 1954, the Presidential tide was turned and the US was fresh out of a 3-year war campaign in Korea. The threat of communism had been rather high. The fear that life in the US might never be the same hit the hearts of many Americans. No American was prepared to give up their rights that had been fought for so hard in not one, but two devastating World Wars.

Learning-Centered Teaching Essay

John J. Sparkes presents a clear discussion or argument about the learning-centered approach to teaching as a means to address the need to draw distinctions between different styles, approaches, techniques, etc. of learning. This thought is motivated by the diversity of learners and the varying influences of the learning environment and experiences to learners. Sparkes learning-centered approach to teaching looks into considering the nature or characteristics of learners and the dimensions of learning in terms of determining what learning strategies, approaches, techniques, methods, materials, and such to incorporate to pedagogical processes in order to result to the definitive meaning of learning. Sparkes also suggests that learning-centered teaching is all about the process of adopting or assuming various types of teaching methods and implementing them within learning situations and environments that suit the structure of each method. (Sparkes, 1999) Aside from the established teaching methods, learning-centered teaching, which looks into the accomplishment of the purpose of learning, should also considered various learning needs that facilitate the obtainment of knowledge, skills, and competencies constituting the learning goals and objectives. The different structures of learning subjects and materials bring about the need to consider various learning needs as the ability of a learner to obtain knowledge and skills depends upon the content of the learning material. Sparkes argued that the learning goal or objective of understanding concepts requires varied processes depending on the course or subject of learning. For instance, understanding concepts in English and literature requires comprehension of reading materials while concepts in Science and Mathematics requires the discernment of problem-solving strategies and processes through the application of the theories and models learned. (Sparkes, 1999) In addition, Sparkes discussed individual differences, in terms of how learners are able to grasp the learning content and materials according to their own pace and expectations of how the learning process and environment should be. Moreover, the capability of individuals to learn are relative to their desired learning situations – that is, the kind of learning environments, situations, and materials that they would feel comfortable with resulting to their internal and external motivation to learn and engage in the teaching-learning process. (Sparkes, 1999) Sparkes view of the learning in this particular discussion shows how he considers the dimensions of learning realistically, looking into the emotional, psychological, social, physical, and moral features of the learners are distinct and unique individuals and requiring the need to design the teaching-learning process to adapt to these human distinctiveness in order to facilitate successful learning processes. Sparkes presented a comprehensive, reliable, and valid discussion of how the landscape of pedagogy should be structured. The teaching-learning process is fueled by the mission, goal, objective, or purpose not only to transmit knowledge but also to motivate the comprehension of knowledge and information for practical application in real-life situations or experiences. The product of learning should result to desirable changes to one’s thoughts and ideas and contributions to the community for nation-building and the enrichment of the global society as a whole. Due to this highly significant purpose of the teaching-learning process, the practice of teaching and the learning experiences should ensure that it fulfills what is tasked to do in terms of transferring knowledge and skills and motivating the drive to utilize knowledge purposefully and meaningfully. Sparkes recommendations address these needs and requirements for successful teaching and learning. Sparkes covered various considerations that academic and teaching professionals should consider. I believe that the presentation of the different considerations to the teaching-learning process will contribute to the development of pedagogy. Sparkes article is a valuable resource material for understanding the complex nature of learning and the learners and the arrival to various teaching methods, strategies, approaches, techniques, and such that will fit every learning situation or environment appropriately. Learning to adjust pedagogy to the learning and situation, particularly the uniqueness of the learners, instead of vice versa, ensures that the teaching-learning process will result to what it intends to produce as outcomes for the benefit of the learners and society. Sparkes overall purpose for presenting his text was to directly structure how the teaching-learning process should be designed, eliminating the â€Å"trial-and-error† process of applying various teaching methods, observing it, determining flaws, and redesigning it to diminish the errors or mistake in the method, and such. For Sparkes, doing so will leave behind many errors that will be difficult to reverse once it leaves its mark especially to learners. Sparkes is vitally concerned about redirecting the path of the teaching-learning process so as not to maintain the learning landscape as a ground for experiment since it would be detrimental to implement imperfect teaching procedures or methods as it will affect how learners are going to grasp concepts and learning materials. Therefore, Sparke’s discussions are not only intended for the purpose of guiding the teaching-learning process, but also how educational goals and objectives and the curricula should be designed. Overall, Sparke’s discussions presents an the need to overhaul the dimensions and structure of education and pedagogy to eliminate detrimental errors and flaws.

Descriptive Example Essay

While working in a fine dining restaurant, I got to sample some of the best foods I’ve ever tasted in my life. Working in a restaurant of any kind is hard work from start to finish. I used to say, â€Å"If I’ve walked one step today, I’ve walked a thousand.† My feet would feel like they were going fall off. Heavy plates, customer satisfaction and perfection of plate presentation were all stresses that a server would have to deal with in a night, just to name a few. I have to say though that one of the things that made it all worthwhile was a meal made especially for you by the Chef. It didn’t matter how tired he was after his night, our Chef showed his appreciation to us by feeding us something off menu, something creative. He would come out of that kitchen just as proud as a child at what he created, no matter what it was. He never made anything less than perfect. I will never forget the kitchen with something that was so heavenly, so decadent that the memory of it is engraved in my memory forever. The aroma hit us before we ever saw it, intoxicating. I assumed that it smelled so beautiful because I was famished. Then we saw it, simultaneous gasps came from all of the servers. He called it Boursin Stuffed Filet, short name that was not short on character. This was not just any filet mignon, this was art. A 12 ounce grilled filet perfectly juicy, stuffed with Boursin Cheese, wrapped in applewood smoked bacon. Resting atop creamed potatoes and topped with a demi glace and grilled asparagus. Sounds simple? Looks can be deceiving. The moment I cut into mine it was like an out of body experience. The filet was 12 ounces of the finest cut of beef tenderloin available anywhere. It is the opinion of any great Chef that a filet be prepared rare, as was this one; perfectly blue-red in the core and brazed at its perimeter. When you cut into it the Boursin, a soft cheese similar to cream cheese with a light hint of garlic, oozed out to mingle with the creamed potatoes. With every bite you had the smokiness of the applewood smoked bacon with a hint of creamy garlic. The demi glace and asparagus rounded everything out with an elegant richness which cannot be described but only experienced. I took my time with every decadent bite, knowing that our Chef truly did love food.  How else could someone create magic with simple ingredients found in every grocery in the city. That experience still haunts me to this day. I don’t believe anything can live up to it. That Boursin Stuffed Filet will always be an apparition o f what food can be.

Illustrate from ‘The Pardoner’s Tale and Prologue’ the Pardoner’s skill as a preacher

People sought salvation with devotion as The Black Death swept across Europe. The pre-science era when Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales meant priests faced an increasing workload, introducing monetary payments in exchange for remission of sin or penances (punishment). The responsibility of the collection of this money went to quaestores. These quaestores1 did not always have a firm connection with the Church, and definitely not with the artes praedicandi, the collected thought embodied in the theory and art of preaching. However, the new direction the Church took became a rampant breeding ground for forgers and confidence tricksters such as the Pardoner, preying upon the fears of the diminishing population for personal gain. The artes praedicandi was divided into two areas, the moral and the technical. With the moral, the preacher, genuinely inspired, was to be the mouthpiece for the Holy Spirit. There is no question that Chaucer's Pardoner is a completely immoral creature, his motives selfish and his interests in human art more important than guidance from God. However, in the technical aspect of preaching he excels. Medieval practice and sermon called upon the preacher to provide religious teaching as well as entertainment.2 Gardiner writes of elements of convention in the traditional Medieval religious lesson and the Pardoner covers all of them. The first, statement of theme, is a biblical text and in the Pardoner's case it is, ‘Radix Malorum Est Cupiditas', the love of money is the root of all evil.3 ‘The Exemplum', a story to illustrate the text, is taken care of in the tale of the riotours' search for death. The discourse of the sins of drunkenness, gluttony, gambling, blasphemy and swearing could be considered the dilatatio, detailed explaining of the text, and set after the story's close, the peroration, a discussion and application of the text. The Pardoner's Prologue sets up a universally held view, that the Pardoner is full of the very sins he preaches against, he seeks to become sin itself and is master of his own damnation. The Pardoner has with him firm establishment of authority and credibility, ‘bulles of popes and cardinales' that grant him powers of absolution. â€Å"And I assoille him by the auctoritee Which that by bulle ygraunted was to me† By this gaude have I wonne, yeer by yeer, An hundred mark sith I was pardoner† (103-6) The Pardoner also has a piece of the sail of the ship St. Peter had sailed upon the Sea of Galilee, the Virgin Mary's veil and a relic that cures jealousy and helps livestock and their farmers and the magic mitten! As part of the audience of pilgrims and readers, we are aware that these holy relics are pure counterfeit, but to the frightened believer in an age of magic surrounded by death, the Pardoner's offer of help seemed sensible rather than silly. Chaucer gives us here a visual image laid so over the top of ‘heer as yelow as wex', that it allows room for him to describe the physical movements of the fake. The Pardoner evangelises with energy- â€Å"Thanne payne I me to strecche forth the nekke And est and west upon the peple I bekke, As dooth a dowve sittinge on a berne Minde handes an my tonge goon so yerne† (108-11) And authority- â€Å"I stonde lyk a clerk in my pulpet† (107) His storytelling is full of naturalistic dialogue and personification, the ‘riotoures thre' representing the condemned sins of drunkenness, gambling and blasphemy. The latter of these also helps to pull his congregation or customers in with the tactic of shock. He incorporates everyday experience in to the sermon. Cookery and wines are mentioned in verse of political consumer advice. There is even a laugh to be had when he describes a drunk man snoring: â€Å"And thurgh thy dronke nose semeth the soun As though thou soydest ay ‘Sampsoun! Sampsoun!' And yet, God woot, Sampsoun drank nevere no wyn† (267-9) If that doesn't seal the deal, the one about the adulterous wife with two to three priests should! It is clear the Pardoner values entertainment highly, and this is in place to draw in those who have no interest in God. An important component of fourteenth century ministering was the recommendation of the use of ensamples, specific incidents used to prove or push a general assertion. To the â€Å"lewed† the Pardoner may appear as a learned man,, drawing on works from the stoic philosopher Seneca and philosopher and scientist Avicenna (Ibn Sina). He makes reference to De Contemptu Mundi by Pope Innocent III, the theologian St. Jerome's Adversus Jovinianum and St. John of Salisbury. His knowledge of the Bible is as impressive as his secular incorporatings. He quotes or hints at the contents of Genesis, Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus, the Gospels and the epistles of St.Paul. He refers to a wide variety of texts, and if they were obscure the more likely they would be associated solely with the Pardoner, perhaps of his own invention. His tongue of â€Å"hauteyn† tone uses a number of stylistic devices, common among legitimate preachers. Repetition is the most common; overuse of the biblical passage and over-stressing of the same five sins is practised, making sure words are stuck firmly in the memory or minds of the listeners through its amplification and emphasis. Onomatopeia, as mentioned is used to imitate the heavy breathing of a drunk, and the glutton, â€Å"That may go thurgh the golet softe and swoote, Of spicerie of leef and bark and roote† (257-8) He also uses apostrophe, â€Å"O wombe! O bely! O stinking cod!† (248) His narration is packed with exclamation, as he uses heavy punctuation to increase emotional impact. His tale and sermon manipulate suspense, his voice, playing each of the parts, shifts in tone and volume. From complexity to simplicity and back, the lesson is rich in climax and anti-climax. He is a natural performer and a cunning predator, â€Å"For though myself be a ful vicious man, A moral tale yet I yow telle kan, Which I am wont to preche for to winne† (173-5) c. Andrew Luke 2002

Understanding Man’s Power

In recent years, we have come to understand that relations between men and women are governed by a sexual politics that exists outside individual men's and women's needs and choices. It has taken us much longer to recognize that there is a systematic sexual politics of male-male relationships as well. Under patriarchy, men's relationships with other men cannot help but be shaped and patterned by patriarchal norms, though they are less obvious than the norms governing male-female relationships. A society could not have the kinds of power dynamics that exist between women and men in our society without certain kinds of systematic power dynamics operating among men as well. Men do not just happily bond together to oppress women. In addition to hierarchy over women, men create hierarchies and rankings among themselves according to criteria of â€Å"masculinity. † Men at each rank of masculinity compete with each other, with whatever resources they have, for the differential payoffs that patriarchy allows men. Men in different societies choose different grounds on which to rank each other. Many societies use the simple facts of age and physical strength to stratify men. Our society stratifies men according to physical strength and athletic ability in the early years, but later in life focuses on success with women and ability to make money. In our society, one of the most critical rankings among men deriving from patriarchal sexual politics is the division between gay and straight men. This division has powerful negative consequences for gay men and gives straight men privileges. But in addition, this division has a larger symbolic meaning. Our society uses the male heterosexual-homosexual dichotomy as a central symbol for all the rankings of masculinity, for the division on any grounds between males who are â€Å"real men† and have power, and males who are not. Any kind of powerlessness or refusal to compete becomes imbued with imagery of homosexuality. In the men's movement documentary film Men's Lives, a high school male who studies modern dance says that others often think he is gay because he is a dancer. When asked why, he gives three reasons: because dancers are â€Å"free and loose,† because they are â€Å"not big like football players,† and because â€Å"you're not trying to kill anybody. † The patriarchal connection: if you are not trying to kill other men, you must be gay. Another dramatic example of men's use of homosexual insults as weapons in their power struggle with each other comes from a document which provides one of the richest case studies of the politics of male-male relationships to yet appear: Woodward and Bernstein's The Final Days. Ehrlichman jokes that Kissinger is queer, Kissinger calls an unnamed colleague a psychopathic homosexual, and Haig jokes that Nixon and Rebozo are having a homosexual relationship. From the highest ranks of male power to the lowest, the gay-straight division is a central symbol of all the forms of ranking and power relationships which men put on each other. MEN S POWER WITH WOMEN The relationships between the patriarchal stratification and competition which men experience with each other, and men's patriarchal domination of women, are complex. Let us briefly consider several points of interconnection between them. First, women are used as SYMBOLS OF SUCCESS in men's competition with each other. It is sometimes thought that competition for women is the ultimate source of men's competition with each other. There is considerable reason, however, to see women not as the ultimate source of male-male competition, but rather as only symbols in a male contest where real roots lie much deeper. Second, women often play a MEDIATING role in the patriarchal struggle among men. Women get together with each other, and provide the social lubrication necessary to smooth over men's inability to relate to each other non-competitively. A modern myth, James Dickey's novel Deliverance, portrays what happens when men's relationships with each other are not mediated by women. According to Heilburn, the central message of Deliverance is that when men get beyond the bounds of civilization, which really means beyond the bounds of the civilizing effects of women, men rape and murder each other. A third function women play in male-male sexual politics is that relationships with women provide men a REFUGE from the dangers and stresses of relating to other males. Traditional relationships with women have provided men a safe place in which they can recuperate from the stresses they have absorbed in their daily struggle with other men, and in which they can express their needs without fearing that these needs will be used against them. If women begin to compete with men and have power in their own right, men are threatened by the loss of this refuge. Finally, a fourth function of women n males' patriarchal competition with each other is to reduce the stress of competition by serving as an UNDERCLASS. As Elizabeth Janeway has written in Between Myth and Morning, under patriarchy women represent the lowest status, a status to which men can fall only under the most exceptional circumstances, if at all. Competition among men is serious, but its intensity is mitigated by the fact tha t there is a lowest possible level to which men cannot fall. One reason men fear women's liberation, writes Janeway, is that the liberation of women will take away this unique underclass status of women. Men will now risk falling lower than ever before, into a new underclass composed of the weak of both sexes. Thus, women's liberation means that the stakes of patriarchal failure for men are higher than they have been before, and that it is even more important for men not to lose. Thus, men's patriarchal competition with each other makes use of women as symbols of success, as mediators, as refuges, and as an underclass. In each of these roles, women are dominated by men in ways that derive directly from men's struggle with each other. Men need to deal with the sexual politics of their relationships with each other if they are to deal fully with the sexual politics of their relationships with women. MEN'S POWER IN SOCIETY At one level, men's social identity is defined by the power they have over women and the power they can compete for against other men. But at another level, most men have very little power over their own lives. How can we understand this paradox? The major demand to which men must accede in contemporary society is that they play their required role in the economy. But this role is not intrinsically satisfying. The social researcher Daniel Yankelovich has suggested that about 80% of U. S. male workers experience their jobs as intrinsically meaningless and onerous. They experience their jobs and themselves as worthwhile only through priding themselves on the hard work and personal sacrifice they are making to be breadwinners for their families. Accepting these hardships reaffirms their role as family providers and therefore as true men. Linking the breadwinner role to masculinity in this way has several consequences for men. Men can get psychological payoffs from their jobs which these jobs never provide in themselves. By training men to accept payment for their work in feelings of masculinity, rather than in feelings of satisfaction, men will not demand that their jobs be made more meaningful. As a result, jobs can be designed for the more important goal of generating profits. Further, the connection between work and masculinity makes men accept unemployment as their personal failing as males, rather than analyze and change the profit-based economy whose inevitable dislocations make them unemployed or unemployable. Men's jobs are increasingly structured as if men had no direct roles or responsibilities in the family–indeed, as if they did not have families at all. But paradoxically, at the same time that men's responsibilities in the family are reduced to facilitate more efficient performance of their work role, the increasing dehumanization of work means that jobs give men only the satisfaction of fulfilling the family breadwinner role. The relative privilege that men get from sexism, and more importantly the false consciousness of privilege men get from sexism, play a critical role in reconciling men to their subordination in the larger political economy. This analysis does not imply that men's sexism will go away if they gain control over their own lives, or that men do not have to deal with their sexism until they gain this control. Rather, the point is that we cannot fully understand men's sexism or men's subordination in the larger society unless we understand how deeply they are related. Ultimately, we have to understand that patriarchy has two halves which are intimately related to each other. Patriarchy is a dual system, a system in which men oppress women, and in which men oppress themselves and each other. At one level, challenging one part of patriarchy inherently leads to challenging the other. This is one way to interpret why the idea of women's liberation led so soon to the idea of men's liberation, which ultimately means freeing men from the patriarchal sexual dynamics they now experience with each other. But because the patriarchal sexual dynamics of male-male relationships are less obvious than those of male-female relationships, men now face a real danger: while the patriarchal oppression of women may be lessened as a result of the women's movement, the patriarchal oppression of men may be untouched. The real danger for men posed by the attack that the women's movement is making on patriarchy is not that this attack will go too far, but that it will not go far enough. Ultimately, men cannot go any further in relating to women as equals

Assumptions, dependencies, constraints, exceptions example

Electricity Workstations to be used by the Department Chair and the Enrolment Advisers Users have knowledge in using web browsers and can understand and execute simple HTML functionalities. Students fully understand and comply with the pre-enrolment guidelines and procedures imposed by the department. Dependencies Maintenance and security of the website Website licensing requirements All information needed for the system is completely gathered Pre-enrolment guidelines and procedures must be properly disseminated External storage for back-up purposes Constraints The system is not connected with the ORACLE system. The system does not cover the pre-enrolment of regular students. The system cannot be accessed outside the university. The system does not set the time of appointment for the conditional student. It only reminds the student of certain details that he must remember for a smooth and orderly pre-advising. The system does not handle the approval of proposed schedule. The system does not handle the encoding of subjects. Exclusions The following statements specify what the system should not do: 1. ) The system shall not grant access to users that do not belong to the Department of Information Systems of the University of Santo Tomas. 2. ) The system shall not grant access to users who that do not have an account in the system. 3. ) The system shall not grant access to users who have not logged-in in their accounts. 5. ) The system shall not grant access to users if the given username and password do not match an account in the system database. 6. ) The system shall not accept users who try to register with empty fields in the registration page. 7. ) The system shall not allow conditional students to create a schedule unless he is accompanied by his parent(s)/guardian to sign a contract/waiver together with the department chair. 8. ) The system shall not grant access to students after the given time and date of until when they can send their schedule. 9. ) The system shall not allow unwarranted parties to view data that they are not authorized to see.

Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity Management - Essay Example As argued by scholars, workforce diversity is an issue among people, which focuses mainly on the similarities and differences brought by people in the organization. Therefore, success of organization and workforce diversity are inseparable. Despite the role played by affirmative action policies and equal rights legislations in assisting marginalized groups to access various employment opportunities previously closed to them, the exclusion of such employees from influential work organization circles hinders them from fully benefiting and contributing to the overall objective of the organization. Diversity management programs and policies create an embracing environment for these groups that lacked access to employment, and particularly to jobs that are more lucrative (Thomas, 2004:20). One of the multinational corporations that value diversity is International Business Machines (IBM) and Google. Workforce diversity at IBM has been in existence even before the equal employment opportun ity and affirmative action policies became legal. Implementation of this has seen IBM record a notable positive progress for many years (Young, 2003:43). In support to this argument, the provision of information technology during this time when technology is ever evolving has challenged many and big organizations. Therefore, it is arguable that IBM’s ability to understand and implement workforce diversity is the core factor behind the large market share won by the company over competitors (Young, 2003:21). For instance, the organization employed its first female worker in 1899, long before women suffrage movements in the US. Moreover, the organization also hired a disabled employee in 1914, some 76 years before enactment of the disabilities act in the US (Thomas, 2004:20). Moreover, the organization had black employees nearly two decades even before the Civil Right Act came into play. Currently, IBM administration and design of benefit plans comply with all local, state, and federal laws on equal employment opportunity and affirmative action, as well as accommodating reasonable religious observances. Managers and executives in the company are responsible for ensuring that the working environment is free from harassment and discrimination of all forms. The company also carries out outreach and human resource programs to ensure opportunity and compensation for development and growth. Moreover, it adheres to the amended 1974 Veterans Readjustment Act (Thomas, 2004:20). IBM ranks workforce diversity among the top strategic objectives of the company. The current diversity policies were set rolling by Tom Watson Jr. during his tenure at the company. He sought to lead the company by his personal values and beliefs, acknowledging that an organization has to change all things except the basic beliefs in the corporate world if it seeks to meet and overcome the challenges of the changing business environment. He identified three basic beliefs that remain as the pi llars of the company’s business and diversity management approaches, which include respect for individuals, service to customer, and excellence as a way of life. Today, these values form the three tenets of diversity at IBM: equal employment, affirmative action, and work/life. The most prominent among the three is equal opportunity, which offers access to the harassment-free workplace that provides the tools for eliminating disadvantages and that appreciates the work/ life balance, enabling employees to be productive (Thomas, 2004:20). The current policies of IMB on diversity management were the result of eight tasks forces commissioned by CEO Sam Palmisano to understand the different groups

Software Process Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Software Process Models - Essay Example The products are usually distributed through physical outlets in the market as well as through the Internet. Additionally, electronic outlets, product-line retailers, software partners and big technology retailers also serve consumers with the company’s goods. The company also boasts effective consultancy services relative to its products. The spiral methodology blends the design of prototyping with the structured, refined qualities of the waterfall methodology (Kan, 2003). The development of the spiral model is premised upon a refinement of the application on a bit-by-bit basis as the spiral grows. The methodology also clearly encompasses risk management measures within software engineering. The approach recognizes major risks at various stages of implementation such as the practical and supervisory aspects, and explores ways in which the risks can be reduced. These measures keep the software engineering work better and more controlled. The spiral methodology is premised on continuous polishing of the main products in order to ensure that the product meets the market standards including the system and design of the application as well as the code developed for use (GeambaÅŸu, Jianu, Jianu, & GavrilÄÆ', 2011). Notably, at each stage around the spiral, the software is an improvement of a prior product. The spiral mo del shares most development phases with the waterfall model, with the main differences involving planning, evaluation of risks, and the development of models and simulations. Software developed through this methodology solves the problem of haphazard production of documents, which otherwise would not reflect the important details at a given stage in the engineering process. Like the application they describe, the documents are representative of the all the key stages of development (Kan, 2003). The concept is to guarantee a

Education - Cultural Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Education - Cultural Awareness - Essay Example The graphic organizer How to enhance the cultural respect and avoid cultural bias in the classroom Instructors should acknowledge the students’ cultural differences along with their commonalities Next, it is necessary to validate the student’s identity through the utilization of reading materials that reflect such diversities. This allows students to see the importance of their cultures. It is also significant to educate the students that the world is becoming diverse each day. This would help them gain appreciation for each other thus the reduced conflicts in the classroom. Teachers also need to advocate for some behaviors, as well as communication styles in the classroom, which are devoid of discrimination thus the increased respect. It would also be appropriate if the relationship existing among the students, teachers, families, as well as the community should be fostered thus the respect. The current literature has defined culture as a universal programming of an in dividual’s way of thinking. Culture is stalwartly important as it aids in the process of distinguishing the diverse human categories. The core factor distinguishing the diverse cultural groups is values, which such groups holds close in their daily lives. Sources further designate that these cultures have different norms, as well as institutions resulting from such norms (Wagner, 2009). A number of different authentic and current sources have provided several definitions for multicultural education. Although authors of such sources have utilized dissimilar wording in providing the definition of this phrase, they portray a common understanding of it. Therefore, regarding multicultural education as an inclusive reforming procedure in the education sector championing the existence of equal treatment for students from dissimilar cultures would be the most appropriate definition (Grant, 2011). The 21st century has been coupled by a myriad challenges as students from dissimilar cul tural and social groups populate the same schools. However, the adoption of multicultural education concept has highly facilitated the process of addressing such cultural differences, as well as the biases. Foremost, it is evident that multicultural education promotes the application of a culturally receptive pedagogy. This concept is vastly imperative since it aims at enhancing a successful learning process. This concept works by identifying the strong points brought by such a diversity thus utilizing it to enhance education (Nwachukwu, 2010). Moreover, the pedagogy is a combination of three diverse dimensions. These dimensions are the instructional, institutional, as well as the personal dimensions. The institutional dimension has helped design a learning environment that enhances efficacy, when dealing with culturally diverse students. Therefore, multicultural education could address cultural differences by ensuring that school’s policies, as well as their procedures addre ss with efficiency, all the tribulations resulting from the diversity. The personal dimension part of the cultural pedagogy addresses some of the essential activities for teachers to be involved in thus the cultural bias diminution. Through the application of this concept, teachers could fully acquaint themselves with all the available useful knowledge. Multicultural education persuades teachers to nurture values that disfavor negative feelings towards an individual from a different cultural setting.

Own Memories of Learning to Read or Write Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Own Memories of Learning to Read or Write - Essay Example I remember that my parents used to subscribe to young children's magazines for me. They were stories that were silly about turtles or butterflies or the basic type of scenario for a children's book. However, they were also stories that had morals to them. I remember being read to almost every evening by my dad, a magazine that was one of my favorites. I looked forward to those magazines not only because my father would be reading me something new but also I got the mail. I enjoyed these stories and was never ready for bedtime until I had heard my story. When looking back on the instant that I began to really remember learning to read was not really reading at all. Instead, it was recollecting. I remember my grandmother reading me my favorite story. It was a book that I would always try to talk someone into reading to me. While she was reading the story, I had heard it so much that I basically had it memorized. When she stumbled upon some of the words or did not read it completely correct as I had had it memorized, I told her, â€Å"Grandma, that is not what it says there.† She would give me a puzzled look and have to correct herself to my own personal satisfaction but she was amazed at my memory of the story almost verbatim. That was the first memory I have of a milestone that taught me how to read. It was not exactly what one would call reading, but it was through word recognition. When I think back to learning how to read, I realize how differently I learned based on that milestone. While I was a fairly decent student growing up, I had my own methods of learning to read and expand vocabulary. Back then, it was a big deal to teach phonics in the classroom at a young age. This then would place emphasis on learning how to sound out words. I really struggled with phonics.